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Appendix – II
Glossary of Data Recovery Terms
ABEND: The abnormal termination of a computer program.
ABIOS: The ABIOS is a protected-mode BIOS which is used by OS/2.
Access: To locate the desired data.
Access Arm: The disk-drive component used to position read/write heads over a specified track.
Accessibility: The extent to which computers are easy to use and available to a wide range of users, including people with one or more physical disabilities.
Access Methods: The technique and/or program code for moving data between main storage and Input/Output devices.
Access Time: The time interval between when data is called for or requested to be stored in a storage device and when delivery or storage is completed.
Address Bus: The electrical pathway used to transmit the storage locations for data or instructions.
Address Translation: The process of changing the address of an item of data or an instruction to the address in main storage at which it is to be loaded or reloaded.
ADP: Automatic data processing.
Anticipatory Retrieval: A technique for optimizing the reading of data from a slow storage device by fetching more data than is immediately required and by retaining it in faster medium until it is actually needed.
ANSI: American National Standards Institute.
API: A set of routines that an application program uses to request and carry out lower-level services performed by the operating system.
Architecture: The structure of all or part of a computer system. Also refers to the design of system software.
ASCII: Acronym for American Standard Code for Information Interchange
ASCII Character: The most widely recognized 8 bit code for representing alphanumerics and other characters of English language.
ASCIIZ String: Sequence of ASCII Characters terminated by a Null, or zero, byte.
ASPI: Advanced SCSI Programming Interface.
ATA: Advanced Technology Attachment, the more correct name for the IDE interface.
Auxiliary Storage: Storage that supplements the primary storage of the computer, same as secondary storage.
Backup: The copying of information to provide a means of recovery from lost or corrupt data.
Backup File: A duplicate copy of a file.
BCD (Binary Coded Decimal): A method of data storage where two decimal digits are stored in each byte, one in the upper four bits and the other in the lower four bits. Since only the values 0 through 9 are used in each half of a byte, BCD values can be read as decimal numbers on a hexadecimal display of memory or a file.
Binary: Pertaining to characteristics or property involving a selection, choice, or condition in which there are two possibilities, or pertaining to the number system that utilizes a base of two.
Binary Digit: Either of the characters 0 or 1. These characters are abbreviated “bit”.
Binary Number System: A number system with a base or radix of two.
Binary System: The base 2 numbering system, which uses the digits 0 and 1. The computer data can be represented by this numbering system.
BIOS: Basic I/O system. A set of routines that works closely with the hardware to support the transfer of information between elements of the system, such as memory, disks, and the monitor.
BIOS Parameter Block (BPB): Information located inside the boot sector specific to the logical drive information.
Block: A grouping of contiguous data records or other data elements that are handled as a unit.
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